The European Union’s top court has fined Hungary €200 million for persistently breaking the bloc’s asylum rules despite a previous European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling, plus an additional €1 million for every day it fails to comply in future.

Hungary had not implemented a 2020 ruling from top EU judges in Luxembourg, the ECJ wrote in a press release.

“That failure, which consists in deliberately avoiding the application of a common EU policy as a whole, constitutes an unprecedented and extremely serious infringement of EU law.”

#ECJ: #Hungary is ordered to pay a lump sum of € 200 million and a penalty payment of € 1 million per day of delay for failure to comply with the Court of Justice’s judgment of 17 December 2020 #asylum 👉 https://t.co/ATb3CgbPxg

— EU Court of Justice (@EUCourtPress) June 13, 2024

Hungary’s anti-immigrant government has taken a hard line on people entering the country since well over a million people entered Europe in 2015, most of them fleeing conflict in Syria.

The case concerns changes Hungary made to its asylum system in the wake of that crisis, when some 400,000 people passed through Hungary on their way to Western Europe.

Hungary built fences protected by razor wire on its southern borders with Serbia and Croatia and a pair of transit zones for holding asylum seekers on its border with Serbia. Those transit zones have since closed.

The measures were part of Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orban’s increasingly strict anti-immigration policies and the extreme minimisation of Hungary’s asylum system.

In 2020, the ECJ found that Budapest’s policies had restricted access to international protection, unlawfully detained asylum applicants, and failed to observe their right to stay in Hungary while their application went through the full due process, the court recalled on Thursday.

The transit zones were closed in 2020, shortly after the first ECJ ruling.

But the European Commission, which is responsible for monitoring the 27 EU member states’ compliance with their shared laws, took the view that Budapest has still not complied and requested the European Court of Justice to fine Hungary, the ECJ said on Thursday.

After the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the Hungarian government also pushed through a law forcing people seeking international protection to travel to Belgrade or Kyiv to apply for a travel permit at its embassies there to enter Hungary. Only once back could they file their applications.

The European Commission took Hungary to the European Court of Justice over the law, insisting that the country had failed to fulfil its obligations under EU rules. The rules oblige all member countries to have common procedures for granting asylum.

People have the right to apply for asylum or other forms of international protection if they fear for their safety in their home countries or face the prospect of persecution based on their race, religion, ethnic background, gender or other discrimination.